Book Review Why Dont We Listen Better - 1159 Words

book review: Why don’t we listen better Presented to Dr. Mario Garcia In partial fulfillment of the requirements of Introduction to Pastoral Counseling PACO 500 Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary Lynchburg, VA Feburary 3, 2013 PRACTICAL BOOK REVIEW: PETERSEN My Summation: James Petersen’s book Why Don’t We Listen Better, is a true guide in making relationships better with better communication. This book does not just help people communicate better in a work environment such as ministry or a counseling setting, but in everyday interactions with people and relationships. Petersen discusses the Flat Brain Theory and Flat Brain Tango, which shows why people have problems/ issues concerning listening to each other.†¦show more content†¦So with that I feel I do not have the right to question Petersen’s methods or issues raised in his book. What I feel I can discuss that I felt is lacking in the book, is any real cross-cultural communication. I am a missionary in India, and I feel the majority of his work can translate into the daily lives of the people here. I just feel I could not follow everything by the book because of the vast difference here in India from America when it comes to issues of culture, groups, ma rriage, and the list goes on. I know this book is not meant for cross-culture work, but it would make for unique experience to try these methods not only here in India but in many different areas of the world. My Application: Well like many others who have read Petersen’s book I hope to use what I have learned in my own counseling process. I want to have in my counseling setting a reference of the talker/listener card and have it expanded so I can go over it with counselees. I would frame the Talker/listener card, but I know many people that came into my office would never notice it, much less read it. I want to place it in a packet for the counselee that I will personally review with the counselee as well as let them take it home to review and reference in their own time. According to my DISC ministry profile I am a steady doer, so I like a stable surrounding and simple things like havingShow MoreRelatedvietnam rice exports5184 Words   |  21 Pagesadvocacy. Part of the reason we have difficulties is that we can not switch to the appropriate skills at the appropriate time. And, part of the reason why our meetings as so often long and not productive is that the communication model we use focuses on discussion and expression rather than collaboration and decision making. Both values and skills are responsible for these inadequacies. Quality Interpersonal Communication We often use mass communication style messages when we need interpersonal onesRead MoreHow Good Are Your Communication Skills? Essay2473 Words   |  10 PagesAfter reading the Theories Of Motivation ans the Communications chapter in our Soomo learning book Human Relations In The Organization I have been aquainted with a new outlook o many things such as: problem solving tactics and solutions, how to handle and reduce stress, and ways to communicate. By doing the following assessments 1 Holmes Stress Scale 2. Are you experiencing burnout? 3. Locus Of Control 4. How good are your problem solving skills? 5. How good are your communicationRead More Comparing the Women in Dubliners, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, and Ulysses3142 Words   |  13 Pagesto Bloom) are the constant aural background in Blooms mind, but he fixates on them precisely because of their bad writing (4.414), as Milly writes to him. Molly has the last word in Ulysses, but it is not so clear who authorizes that word, as we shall see. A Painful Case is built on clichà ©s. 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I had a greatRead MoreFrankenstein Study Guide14107 Words   |  57 PagesFrankenstein to listen to his tale of persecution and loneliness. The creature tells how he hid in a shed attached to the cottage of a poor family in the woods. Observing the family—a blind man and his two grown children—daily through a tiny hole in the wall, he was moved by their love for each other. As they taught a foreign friend how to speak their language, the creature also learned along with her. The creature also learned about what it means to be human by reading three books he found. 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Child Labor Essay - 2814 Words

Child Labor Child labor is one of the biggest issues around the world because it puts children in danger, it deprives them of an education, it is widespread and its often hidden or invisible especially in agriculture, big industries and mines especially in poor countries. In this document of child labor its explained what the meaning of child labor is, why it exists, also why it is so widespread in poor countries. There are also examples of children working in deplorable conditions. This document also discusses the reason why parents send or allow their children to work in an environment as a result it finally mentions the possible solutions to end child labor. Child labor is morally†¦show more content†¦These children harvest and cultivate coffee. Some children harvest bananas, sugar cane, sisal, tobacco, oranges, and other fruits and vegetables. They get up early to work in the damp and cold. Often barefoot inadequately dressed, they develop chronic coughs. They are exposed to the elements, risks bites from snakes and insects, and in many occasions, work without protective equipment while wielding dangerous tools such as machetes and working in close proximity to harmful pesticides. (The story of child labor) In Colombia, there are approximately 2.5 million children that are forced to work to support their families. There are only 40 % of all children who attend to school the other 60 % leave school with a primary school completion. Most of these children work about nine ours each day, they don?t get benefits and their wages are miserably low. In the capital region of Guatemala, about five thousand children between the ages of 6 and 14 were found in secret and illegal workshops they were making fireworks and other explosives. These children were exposed to toxic, flammable, and explosive material. The workshop also didn?t have any hygiene and safety measures. This caused the death of nine children who were injured while working in the industry. Four children survived their injuries. (The story of child labor) Children in Bolivia work for the mining industry this is most found in theShow MoreRelatedThe Nature Of Child Labor1626 Words   |  7 Pagesthat â€Å"Globally there are 168 million child laborers, over half of which, 85 million, are in hazardous work conditions† (ILO). Child labor is not a new phenomenon by any means; it has been going on for years and has become a social issue. This paper aims to portray the nature of child labor in India. It looks at the definition of child labor, the prevalence, and factors that lead children to work. Definition Often time people assume that the meaning of child labor is clear-cut. 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(american.edu) This problem is concerning because not only is it unethical, but child labor and, thereforeRead MoreChinas High Dependence On Child Labor1677 Words   |  7 PagesChild labor is a commonplace in China. Most of the children in China, familie s work income is dependent on their family’s survival. Child labor is a major issue throughout the global economy, especially in developing countries like China. Although, China has anti-child labor laws, many children in China are forced to work against their will. China is the home of many poor families and some of these families force their children to work because of their struggle with poverty and their lack of incomeRead MoreTaking a Look at Child Labor1957 Words   |  8 PagesThe term ‘child labor is used for employment below a certain age, which is considered illegal by law and customs. 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Project Management Case Study free essay sample

After spending a small fortune on a new gaming system and video games for her son, she believes that parents usually pay for video games and want to be even more informed and involved in knowing what their children are playing. She also knows that many adults spend more and more of their free time using video games, and children also pay for games and other products themselves, especially via online orders. This Video Game Market Research Project would involve several marketing and information technology professionals. The main goals of the project would be to research the current and projected market, develop and administer online surveys to collect data, hold focus groups to help understand the potential market and target markets, analyze the data, determine whether or not your company should enter this market and how, and develop a plan for moving forward, if applicable. Tasks 1. To become more familiar with the video game market, do some preliminary research to find out how big this market is, who the main companies are in the market, what the best-selling products are, who buys video games (adults vs. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page hildren), how the games are distributed, etc. Write a two to four-page paper (double-spaced) with your findings, citing at least two references. You can include a paragraph or two with your personal experience in this area, if applicable. 2. An important part of market analysis is preparing financial projections. Prepare a spreadsheet that can be used to determine the profit potential of getting into the video game market. Include inputs for the initial investment cost, number of customers in the first month, customer growth rate/month, monthly rental fee/customer, and fixed and variable monthly operating costs. The VP of marketing is not sure who should manage this Video Game Market Research Project. Lori has several strong people in her department, but many of them are unfamiliar with this market and the potential of doing almost all of the marketing for a product over the Internet. Write a one-page job description that would help decide who would be a good candidate for managing this project. 4. Create a weighted scoring model (see the template in Appendix D) that Lori could use to help evaluate candidates for the project manager position. Make up at least five criteria for evaluating the project managers, four potential candidates, and scores for the candidates. Print out the spreadsheet including the chart on one page. 5. Prepare a project charter for the Video Game Market Research Project. Assume the project will take six months to complete and cost about $200,000. Use the project charter template provided in Appendix D. Part 2: Planning Scenario The VP of marketing, Lori, selected Elliot Wood as the project manager for the Video Game Market Research Project. Elliot had previous project management and market research experience within the company, and he also was an avid video game enthusiast. He still had the Atari system he used to play in high school, and he enjoyed playing newer games with his two children. Elliot, however, was wary of doing business on the Internet and refused to make any of his own purchases online. He also did not let his grade school children use the Internet unless they were supervised, and he screened the video games they played, as well. Elliot was starting to put the project team together. Team members so far included you, a programmer/analyst and aspiring project manager (who also loved playing many video games geared for adult males), Eric, a young market analyst (another video game enthusiast), Katie, an experienced business analyst (who had never played video games and thought they were a waste of time), and Krishna, a young Web guru (who also enjoyed video games). Elliot also asked Adam, an experienced lawyer and ethics specialist for the company, to assist the team on the project.

Physician Assisted Suicide Essay Example Essay Example

Physician Assisted Suicide Essay Example Paper Physician Assisted Suicide Essay Introduction Tara Ford English Comp 111 Physician Assisted Suicide Physician assisted suicide is also called euthanasia. It is a highly debated topic on whether it should be legal or not. Some states have taken different stands on this question, some making it legal to do. I believe that every citizen who is suffering from a degenerative, painful or fatal condition, should have the right to decide if they want the option of a physician assisted suicide. I believe in a society such as ours we should all have the right to die with some kind of dignity. Although there are several debates against this view point, it is not up to anyone else to make decisions of the ill and infirm. As such it should be recognized that â€Å"patients have a right to make their own decisions to preserve free choice and human dignity: this right includes the right to choose assisted suicide† (Ersek 48). Further more having access to physician assisted suicide allows the patient to maintain control over their situa tion and to end life in an ethical and merciful manner. Even though the benefits of physician assisted suicide for the terminally ill patients are greatly significant, there is still great debate over it. Physician Assisted Suicide Essay Body Paragraphs These include the responsibility of the medical community and those of the religious community. It is necessary to look at both sides of the view to understand this, but more importantly take in to fact of the rights of the individual in pain due to terminal illness. Assisted suicide is a general term and does not necessarily refer to the involvement of a doctor. To be an assistant of a death or suicide of another human being is another issue that is being brought from physician assisted suicide. For my paper I will focus on the medical professional in on the oversight of the management of the assisted suicide. Assisted suicide is best defined as â€Å"the act of intentionally killing oneself with the assistance of another who deliberately provides the knowledge means or both. In physician assisted suicide, a physician provides the assistance† (Gupta2). Many people and groups question the medical community’s right to offer this choice, they believe it is the job of the medical professional to help people and ensure their access to all medical treatments that are available to the patients. These people do not believe it is not within the ights of the medical field to help patients die, but to help them to improve or at least continue life no matter what the quality of life is for the patient. I believe that this ignores the fact that some terminally ill patients suffer from a great deal of pain and no longer wish to live their lives artificially prolonged expensive, painful and debilitating treatments and would rather die quietly. For these people it would be most beneficial for the medical community to offer some kind of solution to the pain and prolonged life that may wish to commit suicide and are not capable to do it those selves. Being kept alive by technology against wills seems cruel and inhuman, epically if pain is a constant factor. It is the right of everyone to decide when he dies as well as the right to have no more pain and undo suffer ing. Cancer, advanced aids, and other terminal conditions often are incredibly painful and enduring. People with such illnesses can often survive for long periods of time, because of advanced treatments. The treatments that they have to endure can be very crippling in them selves. Some of the people who suffer from such terminal conditions have the right to make the argument that they should be able to choose the right to have an assisted suicide. They may not want to put them selves through the pain and suffering, and they may just want the right to cope with the end of their life at home where they are most comfortable. No matter what the case, the people who are suffering do not see a light at the end of the tunnel. They know that their death is imminent. They are also certain that the remainder of the time will be spent in pain and putting their families in pain watching them suffering until their time has come. By having a doctor writing a prescription to a terminally patient, a doctor can allow the patient to end their life in a safe, effective and painless way. A lot of patients, who are suffering from chronic, painful, fatal conditions that would eventually bring death, have a strong belief that the only way to stop the suffering for them and their family watching them is suicide. Before the thoughts of a physician assisted suicide the patients would attempt suicide on their own, an act which was not as painless or successful as the doctors option to helping out. The option of the doctor’s choice would be much more painless and faster than the patient attempting it on their own. As one study shows, â€Å"Medical illness was a factor in half the suicides in people ages 50 and older and 70 percent of those ages seven years and older. Increased life expectancy, chronic illness, technology advances, and expanded treatment options have all complicated the process of dying† (Mackelprang 315). There is always a good chance that a suicide attempt could go very wrong and have a worse effect on the patient than before the attempt. Although an unsuccessful suicide attempt is a worse case scenario, it should be noted that many suicide attempts are not painless. For patients removing life support, the process is very slow and painful. The suffocation process is not the humane way for any one to have to die. If the patients who were thinking about attempting suicide on their own were given the option to a more merciful, effective and proven way to end their life it would put them and their family, who wonder how much suffering that their family member is going through, more at peace during this awful time of their lives. Aside from any other concern, it is noted that many types of cancer, other degenerative diseases, and fatal conditions not only cause pain in their selves but the treatments are also very quite painful. If a patients does not want these treatments, who has the right, including courts, to tell the patient that the y have to do the treatments? Who has the right to tell a person they have to die in pain and suffering? Instead of having people try to try to attempt suicide by them selves, why don’t we give them a more humane option, which is guaranteed to have a result that is effective and painless? There should be some control over this matter. It should not be one doctor’s opinion to decide if the person has a chance at a normal life, but the person should get a second and third opinion. This should be monitored very closely to make sure that it is not misused. But when you think of taking your loved one off of life support and the fact they could live for weeks to months suffering, and you feeling like there is not a thing you can do to help them. What kind of life do they have suffering and not being there at all, not responding to anything just living a life less end of life? Than is it the right of the family to step in where the patient can not do so. While people that are for the right of the physician assisted suicide as a personal freedom and private choice, many on the other side of the debate think of the issue in terms of religion and ethics. In the medical field many doctors and nurses alike have concerns about assisting someone to die since it is their job to try to help save lives. Still, despite the many concerns, most doctors when questioned- based study did make it clear on how they felt on the subject that people should be able to die with dignity and that this was very important to most people. In this study â€Å"60% (of physicians) said that physician-assisted suicide should be legal in some cases† (Gupta 4). For many Americans, who are opposed to this debate, their reasons are not on the sole factors of the medical field responsibility to help these patients out, but the are basing it on the vague notions of the moral and religious doctrine. These opponents refer to the bible and Christian tradition’s understanding as su icide and murder being acts of grave sins. Like other debates, stem cell research in particular, the concept of life is God’s gift and despite any political or social claims we have to personal freedom, such freedoms are trumped by ethics, morality , and religious beliefs. The right to die with dignity is trumped by the need adhere to religious code and although one can not criticize individual belief, it should be noted that t he benefits of seeing someone die (who my have commuted suicide anyway) with peace and grace is something that is, in some ways, holy and justified. In sum this debate is so complex because the core value on both sides is rooted in two different areas. In general it seems more reasonable to base our decision on the right of the individual to die with dignity and not suffering than on Religious. When we have animals and they are in pain and suffering we take them to the vet and they put them to sleep in a humane way. So as a society we would rather see our family suffer more than our own pets. I feel that if a person is of sound mind they should have the right to choice if they want to have a physician assisted suicide or if they want to live their life out in pain. I would not want my family member to die with no dignity or life. It is very hard to lose a loved one and can be the hardest thing we can deal with or teach or children to deal with. But what kind of life does the family member have to be with you if the can not eat or talk or even get out of a bed. The have no choice at a normal life. They have no chance to ever get out of bed ever again. How embarrassing it is to have some one bathe, feed and change us. When we no longer can do anything at all for ourselves what so ever. Is this how you you like to think about your life ending, knowing that you have to have your family stop their lives to take care of you night and day. They no longer can spend time with their loved ones because they have to tend to you all the time as you can do nothing for yourself. This will probably never get decided in the near future which means a lot more attempts on suicide done by the patients own hand. Ersek, Mary. â€Å"Assisted Suicide: Unraveling a complex issue. † Nursing 35. 4 (2005): 48. Academic Search Premier. Gupta, Deepak. Euthanasia: Issues Implied Within. † Internet Journal of Pain, Symptom Control Palliative Care 4. 2 (2006):2. Academic Search Premier. Mackelprang, Romel W. â€Å"Historical and Contemporary Issues in End-of-Life Decisions: Implications for Social Work. † Social Work 50. 4 (2005): 315. Academic Search Premier. Miller, Nora. â€Å"Death with dignity or a criminal act? † A Review of General Semantics 63. 1 (2006):106. Academic Search Premier. Spinney, Laura. â€Å"Last rights. † New Scientist 186. 2496 (2005): 46. Academic Search Premier. We will write a custom essay sample on Physician Assisted Suicide Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Physician Assisted Suicide Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Physician Assisted Suicide Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Trust And Politics Essays - Social Psychology, Reputation Management

Trust And Politics Lack of trust is a reoccurring theme through out the three cases. One might ask, why you need trust in any civil society? Lack of trust in a civil society has the society with no real stability. Trust in authority is lacking in each case. The approval rating for Bill Clinton is high. Does this mean that most Americans trust Bill Cliton? Most polls would tell that trust is a serious issue. So, what is the consequences of Americans not having trust in there president? It can't be to bad because the economy is doing great and the budget and finally balanced. Most Americans are happy so what is the problem? The lack of trust is a direct correlation with weak and/or illegitimate authority. Trust with our president has always been a sensitive issue. Richard Nixion broke that trust with the country and sealed the fate for himself and his party for a short term. No one really understood why Nixon had ordered the break in of the democratic offices in the first place. What made matters worse is Nixion never came out and admitted his mistake even when the evidence was overwhelming. Clinton's case has some similarities to it. While he finally did come out and admit what he had done he showed little remorse and accusations still remain about a cover up. The lack of trust in a political position in this country tends to the norm. It is created and redefined every day in Washington with a political figure. This creates an image and a strong stereotype for all political figures. This in turn hurts all of our civil society. Without the trust then how do you have the legitimate authority to lead the country. Most would say that Clinton's leadership really is not the question but his judgment is. To me, that is a contradiction and that poor judgment leads to poor leadership. His poor judgment leads to his ethics and morals that he has. People with weak family values will have a hard time trusting Cliton with just recognition of their own problems. The lack of trust is not just with Cliton in the impeachment arguments. All of the political system seems to be lacking credibility. How mush faith do people have that their representative will represent their opinion and not act in the best interest of their party? Who in all this has the best interest in the country? If Congress does not represent the majority and decides on the rational of what party they are in then it is a illegitimate use of authority. Cananada's theme in the early part of the book was an issue with trust. In such a community, trust was not apparent and was earned. The lack of trust went further then authority. In his neighborhood trust was earned the hard way by a serious of tests. The policy matrix in that community dictates that trust when earned is essential for survival. Trust within sub cultures of the society also lead to survival. Even with individual families trust was earned. Geoffrey Canada's mother sent his bothers out to retrieve a jacket to prove that the family could trust in each other in adversity. Federal mandates dictated massive efforts to extent efforts to improve the equality of the educational opportunity. A lack of trust was apparent in Hamiltion High in the 60's and 70's. This was in part do to the end of segregation of schools. At such a great time of transition there were so many outside influences trying to control the policy matrix. Most notable was the federal government mandating the segregation. The lack of shared values during the transition played a crucial role in the process. The civil rights was suppose to be a trickle down effect from the federal government. The problem there is that not all respected government officials believed in equality for education. Conflict arose and with it side were drawn. Ho could the government decide on what a "moral education" is when such confusion existed on what morals were for many political figures. The lack of shared values weighed heavily with trust of many just to provide a safe educational environment. The lack of values can be an argument traced back to the Clinton's scandal. Who is to say that Clinton himself did not help dictate what many people believe is a society that is severely lacking values. To many, he began this process early when he answered what kind of undergarment he wore or when he

Utopia essays

Utopia essays Sir Thomas More was a humanist who wrote the book Utopia. Utopia was a book written that had a revolutionary idea, a perfect society. Utopia has been significant throughout history, because it depicts a perfect society without human greed and corruption. Yet, the main reason for its controversy is that there will never be a Utopian society. There are a couple of reasons for the impossibility of a Utopian society. It is impossible for people to be selfless. We are human beings and our selfishness will get the better of us. Darwins theory of survival of the fittest correlates with the impossibility of a Utopia in that there will be winners and there will be losers. In the Utopian society of the book, it seems as though every person is a winner which is impossible. If you look at history there has never been a perfect society. Thomas More wrote Utopia in 1516, almost five hundred years have past since More introduced the idea of a Utopia. Yet, no society has come close to bei ng a Utopia. The selfishness of human beings can never and will never disappear. Indeed there are genuinely selfless people in the world, but they are a small minority. Almost every person is selfish in this world. Humans always want more than the next person. They never want to share. No matter how good of a concept that the Utopian society holds people wont accept it, because they have a different way of viewing the world. The selfishness of humans in general can never vanish. It is too strongly attached. Darwins theory of survival of the fittest matches perfectly with how the world works, only the strong survive. There are clearly winners and losers in our society. Some people have Rolexs and others have Timexs. Some people are more intelligent than others. Some people can jump higher and run faster than others. They are on top and the rest are on the bottom. Losers are eve...

News Article related to Liquidated Damage Clause Essay

News Article related to Liquidated Damage Clause - Essay Example It often includes a reading that the parties involved in the contract are agreeing beforehand, as it would probably be unmanageable to decide the compensatory damages in the event of contract breach, although, such a statement is not mandatory. This clause may be conducted towards both parties involved in the contract. For instance in these words: "If both of us neglect to execute, one will be obliged to pay the other party $20,000." But it is not essential too. Normally, a liquidated damages clause is conducted towards only one party, along with the specified date of delivery of amount. The California Association of Realtors has provided a benchmark contract involving residential purchase that entails a liquidated damages clause that emphasizes that if a buyer failed to fulfill the completion of purchase contract due to fault by buyer, the seller will retain the amount deposited actually as the liquidated damages. The most noteworthy items in the mentioned clause include the asymmetry of the provision; as it puts the whole burden on one party, its limitation to a specific unit of residential property set by the Civil Code 1675 and the requirement of agreement by signing to ensure damages are paid. The signatory agreement is required to ensure that both parties have agreed that the contract has breached. Otherwise an arbitration or judicial decision will be needed. Initialling or signatory agreement on a liquidated clause is not mandatory but optional. Though it is printed priory in the agreement of CAR purchase, it is applicable only on the indication of both parties. Mostly in the encounter of a liquidating clause, a principle has the liability to inquire the meaning of the clause replied by the seller as defined by law. At times the contract has been breached by the buyer and this hurts the seller who desires to have more than the deposited amount so the inclusion of liquidated damage clause helps in

Shutdown procedures on Mixers, Crutcher and Pumps Essay

Shutdown procedures on Mixers, Crutcher and Pumps - Essay Example Preferably not all of the succinic acid is flushed through the buffer tank. This means that when the supplies of succinic anhydride, water and alkali are switched on for start-up, there is still some acid in the buffer tank to "seed" the hydrolysis reaction. During the period that the process is not operating, the buffer tank should be maintained at an elevated temperature (typically 60Â °-80Â ° C.) in order to prevent solidification of the succinic acid/anhydride mix’ (Patentstorm 1998). A crutcher is the ‘main reaction vessel in the semi-boiled saponification process, or simply a mixing vessel in the soap modification process. It can be used to make a wide variety of soaps or for mixing additives and fillers into liquid soap. Crutches are very easy to use and are generally found in laundry soap factories. They are also used in more sophisticated plants, such as for making transparent soap. A process is described for retarding or preventing the setting of a miscible and pumpable crutcher slurry intended to be spray dried to base beads for subsequent conversion to a built synthetic organic nonionic detergent composition.

Criminal Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Law - Assignment Example The guilty act/omission of the defendant must be the factual and legal cause of the death. To establish factual causation, the court in White1 established the ‘but for’ test: but for the defendant’s act, would the victim have suffered harm? If the answer is negative, factual causation is established. Legal causation requires that the death be attributable to a culpable act. However, the culpable act does not have to be the only cause. In Benge2, it was held that it is sufficient if it was more than minimal. However, some contributing acts may excuse the defendant from liability. If subsequent acts occur to break the chain of causation, the accused is not liable in law. Nevertheless, regardless of such intervening acts, where the acts of the accused remain the substantial and operative factors of the death, the defendant is not excused from culpability. This was established in the case of Smith3. Actus reus must be accompanied by mens rea. For the crime of murder, it must be proved that the accused had ‘malice aforethought’.4 That is, the accused had the intention to cause the unlawful death. Section 18 of the Offences Against the Person 1861 requires that the accused wounded or caused grievous bodily harm with intent to do some grievous bodily harm. In Mohan,5 the court held that foresight of death or injury was not tantamount to an intention. The test to establish presence of intention was laid by the house of the Lords in Nedrick.6 The court stated that the defendant must recognize that death or serious injury is virtually certain to result from his conduct. Additionally, the House of Lords decision in Woollin7 concluded that the jury could only infer intention when satisfied that death was virtually certain from the defendant’s conduct, and that the defendant appreciated this fact. Gerald will be charged with the crime of murder of Victoria. But for his conduct to hide Victoria in a secret air-tight compartment, she would not have died. His act

Behaviour Management Techniques in Pediatric Dentistry

Behaviour Management Techniques in Pediatric Dentistry Title of the article: Model of parental acceptance of various behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry Abstract: Purpose: to evaluate the parental acceptance of different behavior management techniques routinely used in pediatric dentistry. Methods: Forty parents were shown a video tape of different nine behavior management techniques. (1.) Tell Show Do, (2.) Modeling, (3.) Positive reinforcement, (4.) Distraction, (5.) Voice control, (6.) Hand over mouth exercise, (7.) physical restrain, (8.) conscious sedation and (9.) General Anesthesia. Parents were explained and asked to rate their acceptance on visual analogue scale provided in form Results: All the parents in the sample group completed the survey form and among them 37 parents accepted the positive reinforcement technique as the most acceptable. The least acceptable techniques were Hand over mouth exercise and physical restrain. The acceptance rate was in following order: Positive Reinforcement, Tell Show Do, Distraction, Modeling, Conscious Sedation, General Anesthesia, Voice Control, Hand over Mouth Exercise, Physical Restrain. Conclusion: Parents favor more affirmative approaches and management techniques that engross demonstrations geared for the child’s level of accepting. Aversive conditioning like Physical Restraint, Hand over mouth exercise and voice control is more strongly rejected than sedation and general anesthesia. Introduction: The most imperative facet in pediatric dental practice is behavior management of the child. It saves the time of not only dentists but also parents and child. The successful results can be obtained by the less anxious and well managed child. (Wright G Z. Behavior Management in Dentistry for Children. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1975) And for managing such child, the number of behavior management techniques has been explained in the literature. The intimate relationship among child, parent, dentist and society has been well explained by pedodontic triangle which provides proper child dental care. Not only this, but also it provides the information regarding the behavior management techniques to be used against the child. (Wright G Z. Behavior Management in Dentistry for Children. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1975. )(American academy of pediatric dentistry: Guideline on behavior guidance for the pediatric dental patient. Pediatr Dent 2007;29:115à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ24.) According to Kupietzky, for better understanding for their children`s treatment, parents can also participate actively in treatment decisions, and various behavior management techniques to modify their children`s behavior. This will ultimately diminish the parental anxiety. (Kupietzky A. Effects of video information on parental preoperative anxiety level and their perception of conscious sedation vs. general anesthesia for the dental treatment of their young ch ild. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2006;31:90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ2) with growing concern about children`s rights and considering ethical aspects, pedodontists can no longer take for granted that parents will endorse any form of behaviour management technique without issue. (Klein A. Physical restraint, informed consent and the child patient. J Dent Child; 55: 121-122. 1987, Lawrence S M, McTigue D J, Wilson S, Odom J G, Waggoner W F, Fields H W Jr. Parental attitudes toward behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry. Pediatr Dent; 13: 151-155. 1991.) Informed consent is having a growing blow on behavior management of children. The courts uphold that treatment by health care professionals without prior consent is array and the dentist who treats a patient devoid of consent may be liable (Brown 1976). It was stated in the conference sponsored by American academy of pediatric dentistry in 1988 that informed consent must be obtained prior to employ any behavior management technique in children. (American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry: Behavior Management for the Pediatric Dental Patient Final Proceedings of a Workshop,September 30 October 2, 1988, Iowa City, IA.) There are few studies which demonstrate that behavior management techniques are not evenly acknowledged by parents or guardians and many techniques are found to be objectionable. (Murphy M G, Fields H W Jr, Machen J B. Parental acceptance of pediatric dentistry behavior management technique. Pediatr Dent; 6: 193-198. 1984. , Peretz B, Zadik D. Attitudes of parents toward their presence in the treat ­ment room during dental treatment to their children. J Clin Pediatr Dent; 23: 27-30. 1998.) Various studies have been done regarding acceptance of various behavior management techniques in children. It begins with the study done by Murphy et at who first encountered in differences in parental acceptance of behaviour-management techniques. In their study, they fulfilled that tell-show-do technique was customary by most parents and general anesthesia and aversive conditioning techniques like physical restrain were least accepted. (Murphy MG, Fields HW, Machen JB. Parental acceptance of paediatric dentistry behavior management techniques. Pediatr Dent 1984; 6: 193-8.) Seven years after this study another study done by the Laurence et al stated that the enough explanation is necessary for better understanding and acceptance each techniques by parents. (Lawrence SM, McTigue DJ, Wilson S, et al. Parental attitudes toward behavior management techniques used in paediatric dentistry. Pediatr Dent 1991; 13: 151-5.) Havelka in 1992 quoted in his study that the socioeconomic status als o influence the acceptance of certain behavioral modification technique by parents. (Havelka C, McTigue D, Wilson S, Odom J. The influence of social status and prior explanation on parental attitudes toward behavior management techniques. Pediatr Dent 1992; 14: 376-81). Also, the acceptance of each behavior management technique is influenced by culture and geographic region. (Long N. The changing nature of parenting in America. Pediatr Dent 2004; 26: 121-4.) Till now there is only one Indian study was there regarding acceptance behavioral management techniques by parents. (Elango I, Baweja DK, Shivaprakash PK. Parental acceptance of pediatric behavior management techniques: A comparative study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2012;30:195-200) Thus, understanding parental acceptance regarding various behavior management techniques are very important which will ensure the proper child-dentist relationship as well as providing proper care. So the aim of this study was to assess the attitudes of parents towards different behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry. Materials and methods: 40 Parents were randomly selected from the department of pedodontics and preventive dentistry after the institutional committee ethical approval. (KA/PD- 06/2013) The inclusion criteria was decided which were, Parents of children with age 4-15 years with no previous dental history, Parents who are willing to participate and able to view and understand the videotape and Parents of all socioeconomic status irrespective of their age, gender, income, educational status, and occupation. A master video tape of various 9 behavior management techniques was made using the software windows movie maker v3.6. the behavior management techniques used were: (1.) Tell Show Do, (2.) Modeling, (3.) Positive reinforcement, (4.) Distraction, (5.) Voice control, (6.) Hand over mouth exercise, (7.) physical restrain, (8.) conscious sedation and (9.) General Anesthesia. All the behavior management techniques which were shown in the master video tape were recorded in the department of pedodontics and preventive dentistry. Before each behavior management, it was explained. The master video tape was approved by four pedodontist having more than 10 years of experience. The techniques were presented in the same sequence to all parents as follows: The video tape was 8 minutes long duration with each technique describing 20-30 seconds. After watching each behavior management technique parents were asked to give the opinion. The assessment form was filled by the parents contained the names of the techniques with two parameters of the visual analogue scale: Acceptableà ¯Ã‚ Ã…  , Not acceptableà ¯Ã‚ Ã…’ Videotape was projected using a laptop/ projector in the parent counseling room.() The subjects were asked to mark their opinion by using a vertical mark onto à ¯Ã‚ Ã…   or à ¯Ã‚ Ã…’ Following each technique Results: According to data analysis, the positive reinforcement was the most acceptable technique that was accepted by 37 parents (92.5%). The least acceptable technique was hand over mouth exercise and physical restrain that was accepted by only 5 parents (12.5%). The acceptance of various other behavior management techniques was in following order.(table 1) The same result is shown in the following bar diagram. (figure 3) Discussion: In the past years, various studies were conducted regarding the parental acceptance of various behavior management techniques by Murphy et al, Lawrence et al, Frankel, ; Havelka et al.; Scott and Garcà ­a-Godoy; Eaton et al, Elango et al. According to this study, the most acceptable techniques are positive reinforcement (92.5%) and tell show do (87.5%). These findings are in correlation with previous study done by Murphy et al. The reason for the highest rating of positive reinforcement and tell show do technique may be the parent demanding for the more child friendly behavior that will inspire the child for future dental treatment. Also in Murphy`s study, it was showed that the sedation and general anesthesia was least acceptable by parents. (Murphy MG, Fields HW Jr, Machen JB. Parental acceptance of pediatric behavior management techniques. Pediatr Dent 1984;6:193à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ8.) But in our study, General anesthesia and conscious sedation both were selected by 25 % of parents. The reason may be, they don’t want their child cry in the dental clinic and want multiple dental treatment in single sitting. It was concluded in the study by Eaton et al that in recent years, the approval for permission of nitrous oxide sedation has increased. (Eaton JJ, McTigue DJ, Fields HW, Beck FM. Attitudes of contemporary parents toward behavior management techniques used in paediatric dentistry. Pediatr Dent 2005; 27: 107-13.) However in our study we found that a considerable number of parents (25%) approved this technique, which was more than the previous studies by Murphy. The least acceptable techniques are hand over mouth exercise (12.5%) and physical restrain (12.5%) These findings are in correlation with previous studies done by Murphy et al. [1984] Eaton et al [2005] and J. Luis de Leà ³n et al [2010]. The reason for the same may be parents consider these techniques as illegal, unprofessional and not child friendly. HOME technique is also facing some controversy over a long period of time. For this reason many pedodontists are not using this technique and believe that parents may react negatively if they use this technique. (Bowers LT. The legality of using hand-over-mouth exercise for management of child behavior. J Dent Child 1982; 49: 257-65.) According to the report by Ouesis (2010) although HOME technique is eliminated from the AAPD guidelines, many dentists still accept this technique. (Oueis HS, Ralstrom E, Miriyala V, Molinari GE, Cassamassinmo P. Alternatives for Hand Over Mouth Exercise after its elimination from the clinical guidelines of the American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. Pediatr Dent 2010;32:223-8) Restrain the child by pediwrap was also the least accepted technique. However it was suggested by frankle that this technique can be the accepted techniques by the mother if the child ic un cooperative. (Frankel RI. The Papoose Board and mothers’ attitudes following its use. Pediatr Dent 1991; 13: 284-8) Limitations: As the coin has two sides, the limitation in this study should not be ruled out. The first is different parents might evaluate the video tape differently and second one is failure to analyze the stress level of parents during watching the video tape. Further studies can be donre to eliminate these limitations. Conclusion: The following two conclusions can be drawn from this study, Parents prefer more positive approaches and management techniques that involve demonstrations geared for the child’s level of understanding. Aversive conditioning like Physical Restraint, Hand over mouth exercise and voice control is more strongly rejected than sedation and general anesthesia.

Describe Two Opposite People

Describe two opposite people In the small community of Culmersville there are only two adults that I could spend time with and never be bored. One of which was a kind lady by the name of Ms. Kelly and the other was the funniest man in the world by the name of Mr. King. Ms. Kelly is a kind person. She always teaches me to help those people who are in need and she also never got tired of helping others. For example, one of my friend’s family financial situation wasn’t so good and therefore Ms. Kelly buys him breakfast almost every morning. She hopes that he will not feel hungry during the school time and knows it can help him to concentrate in his studies. Ms. Kelly is also a sympathetic lady. Although she was not high-educated, she always teaches her kids and me to help other people. During weekends she would visit the Children’s Hostel and help the workers to teach and feed the children. She also always invites me and my family to be a volunteer and join her to do social works. On the other hand Mr. King was the complete opposite. He was an electrician and one of the most selfish people I knew. Mr. King would have two bottles of water and would rather throw a bottle of water in the garbage or put it in his car before he would give it to you. But yet I found Mr. King to be a funny man and spent lots of time with him playing dominoes. I had the best relationship with Mr. King in Culmersville. This probably was because I never asked him for anything. But Ms. Kelly and Mr. King was the worst of friends. I would call them enemies. All of this started when Ms. Kelly asked Mr. King to donate some of his funds to the Children’s Hostel. Mr. King could have told her a simple ‘no’ but he loudly told Ms. King, ‘if you don’t get off my property talking foolishness about donating money I would throw you off myself’. This was where the commotion started. Ms. Kelly then asked, ‘Do you call homeless children foolishness? ’ Mr. King then said, ‘The children aren’t the foolishness. You are. ‘Mr. King then slammed the door in Ms. Kelly’s face like she was coming to rob his house. Ever since this day every time Ms. Kelly sees Mr. King she would start pointing fingers at him telling people he hate homeless children and unfortunate people. These are the two people that thought me that people with opposite personalities would never be able to be together. But, although Ms. Kelly and Mr. King are two completely opposite people I enjoy being with either of them.

Protecting the Environment

After consideration, I would have thought deeper before making a decision. One of the examples is that I will think of other possibilities and ways of disposing an unwanted item. This is because our actions might seem little and can do much harm to the environment but as time passes by and all our actions are added up together and this might cause chaos in the future. Damaging the environment is not a petty issue. Planet earth as we all live in seems to be the only planet that is capable of supporting human life. Once it is damage beyond repair, it might wipe out our species. In the effort of protecting the environment, we will consider the effect of our actions before making decisions. Will our actions do any good to the environment or will it continue to harm the environment? This is the question that must be thought of when taking actions. As we all know, we do not have centuries to go anymore. Scientist around the globe is already complaining about the effect of global warming and the unstable environment that we all have nowadays. We have only a few more decade to go before we totally wipe out the ice berg at the north and south pole. Once the ice is melted, all sort of extreme and outrages weather will occur. Recycling is a very basic but important action that everyone should adopt now. In the wake of global warming right now, it is important that we recycle. The needs to recycle is base on the fact that our natural resources are diminishing . If we do not recycle, factories will have to process the raw material and this will result in more heat release into the environment. A very basic way to recycle is to separate our rubbish into papers, metal and glass. Others waste such as food can be use to make compose. Besides recycling, we will also reuse thing that can be use again such as food containers and shopping bags. Food containers can be kept and put aside. It can be use to keep food when needed. Shopping bags can also be use to carry things when we go shopping. Using shopping bags will eliminate the needs for plastic bags. Many of the plastic bags that most of the shops offer are non biodegradable. This material will not be eliminated unless burned. Once it is burned, it will release a poisonous gas which will cause air pollution. Open burning is also an important issue relating to the environment. It will cause air pollution and also release great amount of heat and carbon dioxide into the environment. Open burning is really unnecessary for household because if we manage our garbage well and put it in the plastic bags, the rubbish collector will just bring those garbage away. Burning the forest to open new lands is also unacceptable. This action will cause discomfort to many people and if it is not manage well, the fire will spread and unwanted accident might happen. We should all prevent using the air conditioning at home because it will release a type of gas which will destroy the ozone layer. Once the ozone is destroy, people that stay in that area will get skin cancers. To keep our body cool, we should use fan instead. It does not consume that much electricity as air conditioner and it does not harm the environment. We should also drink more cold water or take cool bath to warm our body when the weather is hot. We should also educate our friends and family about ways to protect the environment. If possible, everyone should get educated. If everyone is focusing to protect the environment, many unwanted disasters will be prevented. In the deontological theory point of view, it can be easily seen that it is everyone’s duty to protect the environment. Everyone must do his part to protect the environment so that the next generations to come will have a better place to live in.

The relationships between the upper and lower classes essays

The relationships between the upper and lower classes essays Upper class societies throughout history have always tried to oppress the populace under them. In Plinys and Jacobs time this oppression took the form of slavery. By comparing and contrasting the relationships between the upper and lower classes in the books of Pliny and Jacob , I will show that attitudes towards oppression of the lower classes mainly slaves were exactly the same, with the main difference being the degree of brutality in the treatment of slaves by the upper class. In Plinys and Jacobs time religion was used to oppress the lower classes; free will to worship as you wish was not tolerated. The Romans only allowed slaves to worship government sanctioned religions. They believed Christians caused disorder and disruption to their political control. For instance, in Pliny to the Emperor Trajan (294), Pliny describes the Christian faith as a degenerate sort of cult carried to extravagant lengths. Further, he shows his frustration over the interrogation of Christians, who are mostly slaves, and his recommendation of sending the accused off to execution (293). In the Southern U.S. slave era, Jacobs describes similar situations where religion was used as a tool to oppress. Jacobs emphasizes that religion was only introduced to slaves to keep them from killing their masters (69). The sermons to slaves were used to remind them to serve their masters obediently and to not shirk their work (70). Slave owners were eventually dissatisfied with slaves attending religious sermons because it was the only time slaves would be addressed as human beings which in the slaveholders mind was counterproductive to their efforts (73). Along with religious oppression there was also political oppression as well. Political oppression took the form of legislation against the lower classes. In Plinys Rome as well as in Jacobs U.S. South, slaves were non-persons who could not own an...

flame in the wind essays

flame in the wind essays Flame in the wind was a good movie that dealt with one mans struggle between the Christian faith and the Roman Catholic faith. It took place in a time when anyone not professing to be a Roman Catholic was burned at the stake or imprisoned for life. It all started when Carlos began reading the actual Bible. The Roman Catholics for bided the reading of the scripture but Carlos was infatuated with the scripture immediately. As he read he began to notice the discrepancies between the Romans and the Christians. Because of this he asked for permission to go to a monastery and study the faiths in a little more depth. While there the Holy Inquisition came and accused all of them as being heretics Carlos fled back to the city and was accused himself of being a heretic. He denied it and denied the Christian faith and clung to the Roman Catholic religion. They finally caught all those in the monastery and they were to be burned at the stake and the pope summonsed Carlos to set the first flame. As He walked and approached the stake he had a few words with Fernando and couldnt do it so he through the torch to the ground and rejected Catholicism and came to Christ. He Was tortured and still remained faithful to Christianity and then a friend of the family requested he be put in a cell were another could convince him of his errors and Carlos helped lead his father back onto the right trail and then he died and Carlos was burned the very next day. This was a good movie and made you feel lucky for not having to deal with the same type of persecution as the early christianias. ...

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Strategic Management - Essay Example Finally, the firms also need to focus on converting their designed strategies into action, so as to leverage the maximum advantage available in the marketplace. Strategic Position It has to be the said that the strategic position of a company highlights the position of the company in regards to its existing competitors in a specific market. The strategic and competitive position of a company can be best explained by using the broad differentiation business model. Source: Hill & Jones, 2012, p. 181 It has to be said that this model categorizes companies into three groups like differentiators, broad differentiators as well as cost leaders. Talking in a detailed manner, it has to be said that the companies that belong to the differentiator category tries to gain the maximum amount of advantage from the market by trying to distinguish its product and service offerings in regards to its competitors. While talking about broad differentiators, it is of high relevance to mention the fact tha t these group of companies fall in the middle region of the model. It has to be said that the typical behaviour of these group of companies comprises of designing of business strategies that helps in better discrimination of their products as well as effective lowering of the cost structures (Hill & Jones, 2012, p. 180). These category of companies focuses on operating on a specific region since it provides the companies with a significant competitive advantage in regards to designing their strategies on the lines of effective segmentation, targeting and positioning. This particular fact also helps the company to attain a decrease in the price of its products and services. Finally, while commenting on the companies that fall in the category of cost leaders, it can be... This essay stresses that the inter relation that exists between strategic position, strategic choice and the process of converting strategy into action can be best explained by discussing US based organization Southwest Airlines. It can be said that the Dallas based carrier is highly popular in the domestic market of US because of its low-cost pricing of its passenger aviation services. Talking about the strategic position of the company, it can be said that the company has positioned itself as the most efficient low-cost carrier in the market of US. Hence, it can be said that the America based airline company has utilized the tactic of using cost leadership to gain a foothold in the market. This paper makes a conclusion that while discussing the company’s method of implementing the low-cost strategy into action, attention has to be given to the nature of allocation and management of the essential resources of the company. In order to extract optimum utilization of the company ’s high-value assets, the company revised the frequency of flights to various routes on the basis of the consumer demand. Also, the company’s decision to cater to secondary airports resulted in reducing the ground time for the airlines, thereby boosting up both productivity as well as profitability (Hill and Jones, 2009, p. 105).

Pyschotropic medications used in schizoprenia patients Term Paper

Pyschotropic medications used in schizoprenia patients - Term Paper Example Many with schizophrenia are believed not to be able to live a normal productive life. Many with schizophrenia are unemployed because of the negative stereotypes that come along with the illness, and lack of support inside the work place. Many who are employed are often employed in low paying jobs. Many people who have symptoms of it suffering a will develop severe depression. The depression comes from the isolation someone with schizophrenia has to face. When someone is first diagnosed with schizophrenia, and is put on medication the person will begin to feel normal once again. When the person feels normal, the person might stop taking the medication. This is a problem that many people who have schizophrenia, and many of the caregivers of people with schizophrenia have to face every day. Opening Schizophrenia is a mental illness affecting more people every year. The use of anti psychotics also called psycho tropic medications are used to treat someone with the illness. The illness us ually develops in the late teens, and early twenties for young men, and as late as the thirties for women. Because there are so many forms of the disease there is no one treatment that works best in the treatment of schizophrenia. When someone is first diagnosed with schizophrenia, the person will exhibit symptoms like delusions. The delusions are very real to somebody with schizophrenia. ... The patient would stop taking the medication, because the patient does not think the patient is sick. Body There are many types of psycho tropic drugs used to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia. Some of these drugs are no longer in use. There have been many drugs introduced since the 1980s. When someone is exhibiting symptoms of schizophrenia, the doctors will first attempts to control the schizophrenia by using only one type of anti psychotic medication. In the 1950s there were only four â€Å"typical† medications used to treat the effect’s schizophrenia. A medication that is considered â€Å"typical† would be Thorozine, Haldol, Perphenazine, Fluphenazine. These medications were very useful for somebody who had schizophrenia. Oftentimes many patients who took this medication were able to live normal, and productive life as members of society. Many people in society will shut out someone who has schizophrenia. The reason many people shut out people who have schi zophrenia is from an overwhelming fear that people with schizophrenia are very dangerous people. With the help of the medication there are many people living with schizophrenia, who work regular jobs, and live a normal life as a member of society. When someone begins treatment for schizophrenia, the doctor will determine what type of symptom the person with schizophrenia is having. There are two types of classifications for medication to treat someone living with schizophrenia. There are the above listed â€Å"typical† medications that someone can be treated with. This was the only type of medication available to treat schizophrenia, up until the mid-1980s. There was no treatment for schizophrenia in a till the mid-1950s. In the mid-1950s the â€Å"typical†

Automobile Industry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Automobile Industry - Research Paper Example Then Mr. Henry Ford came up with an idea of Car for Every one. With this idea he laid down the foundation of Ford Motor Company and start manufacturing cars at a large scale to reduce price, what we call mass production. New players also entered the market with different products than that of Ford like Mercedes, BMW, and GM. Automobile industry is facing immense competition these days which has shifted manufacturers' concern to reduce their cost. A right balance of input and outputs can give manufacturers the edge which will be helpful for them to increase their sales and their profit margins. All this happens due to the customers' better access to knowledge. These days the customers are better informed compared to the previous days therefore even the decision of an average customer is well informed. Along with being price conscious, customers are also after quality and fuel efficiency. The hiking prices of fuel have asked customers to look for a car with better mileage. The car markets are moving fast into globalization. One can find the best of BMW's car is being driven in India, the Mercedes in America and the Ford in United Arab Emirates. Hence the manufacturers are more looking for ways to have a centralized product research and development centre and manufacturing at lowest rates since the competi tion has enhanced due to globalization. Market Segmentation In terms of customers' buying practice, market can be divided into Fleet buyers, Business buyers and Private buyers. Fleet buyers are those buyers which buy cars in big numbers to further their business. They usually required cars which are low priced, good in fuel economy and can run smoothly for a considerable period of time without asking any major maintenance. They include hotels, cab companies, and car rental companies. Business buyers are those which buy cars to give their executives and employees. They require cars which match the designation of the person given the car. They usually go for moderately highly priced cars. Private Buyers buy cars for their personal use. Now depending upon their social class which they belong to, they have different choices of cars. Some buy low priced, durable cars from Toyota, Honda, GM and Ford while others may go for quality and performance and opt for BMW, Mercedes or Audi. There are some, like celebrities or people with big fortunes that buy cars as a status symbol and to show their taste for uniqueness. They usually go for Ferrari, Lamborghini, Bugatti, MayBach. Competitors' Analysis There are many players in the market striving to increase their size of pie. From America we have General Motors, Daimler Chrysler, and Ford Motor Co. From Japan we have Toyota and Honda. From Germany we have Mercedes, BMW and Audi and from Italy we have Lamborghini, Ferrari and Bugatti. But BMW faces a direct competition with Mercedes and Audi as they fall in the same class with respect to performance and price. 1. Mercedes Mercedes Benz is present in the industry in the form of a giant. Mercedes Benz is the major direct competitor to BMW just like Pepsi is for Coke. It is considered to be an established brand within the industry among many competitors and among customers. It has built great brand

Apple Case Study Essay Example for Free

Apple Case Study Essay Apple Inc. (previously Apple Computer, Inc. ) is an American multinational corporation that designs and markets consumer electronics, computer software and personal computers. Apple currently has 246 retail stores located in 44 states that employs over 27,000 retail employees. Apple also employs over 304,000 U. S. individuals from development to transportations. As of September 11, 2012, Apple is the largest publicly traded company ever. Apple has established a unique reputation in the consumer electronics industry. This includes a customer base that is devoted to the company and its brand, particularly in the United States. Fortune magazine named Apple the most admired company in the United States in 2008 and in the world in 2008, 2009, 2010 and2011. This case study will not only highlight Apple’s strengths, it will also discuss its weaknesses and past failures that have laid the foundation to become one the most powerful companies in the world. As the story famously goes, â€Å"two Steves† started one of the biggest computer companies ever in a garage after quitting their day jobs. Steve Jobs worked at Atari, a computer and gaming company and Steve â€Å"Woz† Wozniak worked at Hewlett-Packard. A friend introduced the two seeing their mutual interest in electronics. Woz had built a computer in his spare time as a hobby. According to Charles Hill and Gareth Jones (2012), authors of Essentials of Strategic Management, â€Å"That is what people did in 1976,† (p. C13). Jobs realized that people might want to buy such a machine and persuaded Woz to set up a company to make and market it. Headquarters: Jobs’ garage in California. Thus Apple Computers was born. A total of 200 units were sold at a price of $666 each; the product rolled out on April Fool’s Day in 1976 at a local electronics store. The company went on to see great successes and some failures, and the two Steves are heralded as revolutionizing the personal computer industry. After improving on the garage computer, named Apple I, with better graphics, more data storage and a simpler looking machine, Apple introduced the Apple II in 1977. This personal computer that was user friendly to non-computer using consumers soon made the two twenty somethings into millionaires. Throughout the years, subsequent models that improved on the speed and design of the Apple II were released. With these improvements came additional products: software, external drives and printers, to name a few. By 1983, the Apple IIe was introduced, which would become Apple’s most popular and best-selling of all models. In the ‘80s and ‘90s, Apple computers became computing standard for elementary schools. By the time the Apple II line became defunct, more than 2 million Apple IIs had been sold and home computers were gaining popularity. Apple Computers also changed its name simply to Apple to reflect its diversity of products. During this general timeframe, Woz was piloting a plane that stalled and crashed; he suffered some memory loss. He returned to Apple sporadically throughout the ensuing years but formally ended his full-time association with the company in 1987. Two new engineers were brought on board for two new project ideas: Jeff Raskin for the Macintosh computer model and Bill Atkinson for the more business-oriented Lisa computer. The Macintosh became a success; the Lisa did not. In 1991 Apple continued to build on its founders’ guiding principle—that the individual, not the mainframe, should be at the center of the computing universe (â€Å"Silicon Valley,† 2012). The company introduced a portable Mac, which was the predecessor of the modern laptop. In 1993 it launched the Newton, a personal digital assistant which let consumers compute without sitting at a desk. The end of the 1990s brought yet another breakthrough Apple computer—the iMac, which touted power, ease of use and esthetics. The iPod, a digital music player and the iPhone, a phone with Internet capabilities, are two of Apple’s newest immensely popular products. Steve Jobs died of cancer in October of 2011 after working and leading on and off at Apple throughout the years; Woz is 62 and currently spends his time as a writer, speaker, researcher and philanthropist. Tim Cook is the current CEO of Apple. On August 20, Apple officially became the most valuable company in history in terms of market capitalization (â€Å"Forbes,† 2012). Heading into the final hour of trading on the NASDAQ, the stock had risen more than two percent, giving the company a market cap of over $620 billion with shared trading over $662 apiece. The reason—speculation over its newest product release—the iPhone 5. Identification of the company’s internal strengths and weaknesses Strengths: †¢Product development. Doesnt invent the market, but its products set high standards for the market †¢Design and utility. Sleek, not clunky. For instance, the desktop computer is part of the screen, not a separate box with wires; the iPhone has very few buttons and feels nice in the hand. Products are easy to use, almost intuitive †¢Marketing. Clever and takes advantages of peoples frustrations with other hardware †¢Brand name †¢ Globally recognized †¢Rapid growth and high profits †¢ Pioneer of innovative and high-tech quality products such as iPod, iPhone and iPad †¢Strong Research Development department (9% of sales devoted to RD) †¢ Having the control of both its own hardware and software †¢ Having had a visionary, charismatic and innovative CEO like Steve Jobs †¢ Apple retail store experience allowing customers to use and experience Apple’s products †¢ Having a large segment of loyal customers †¢Sales of add-on products Highlighting of its products as the world’s greenest line-up of notebooks Weaknesses: †¢Very proprietary and controlling. Wont open the operating system to outsiders to develop hardware to work with the products, keeping hardware sales to itself. While this keeps design control inside and up to standards, it has hurt wide adaptation of its hardware, especially computers, where it has a relatively small market share. Apple has veto power over Apps sold †¢ The death of Steve Jobs and the absence of his leadership will be a weakness for Apple as they find ways to match his innovation †¢Not shareholder-friendly. Has abused option granting in the past and refuses to pay a dividend despite a huge (and growing) cash level, no debt, and plentiful free cash flow †¢The battery life of the products are seen as weak †¢ Failure of two products; First Apple TV launch and Mac Mini †¢ Decision to restrict the iPhone to a single network †¢ The lack of QWERTY keyboard in products like iPad and iPhone †¢ Low market share in comparison with HP, Dell, Acer, Lenova and Toshiba †¢ Apple products are highly priced, so it is hard to suit their target market Opportunities: †¢Loyal customer base which has expanded beyond the Mac-heads of the 1990s with the iPod and the iPhone. The iPad has had a very successful launch. This seems to be leading to more sales of computers. †¢Has a well-deserved reputation for high-quality products that work smoothly. New products are generally well-received and have a built in purchasing base. †¢Move into other computer or media product spaces that are not served well. Can continue to design the standard-setter for those spaces. †¢A new version of Apple TV could take advantage of todays more highly developed Web. Threats: †¢Big ideas are easy to copy. Microsoft copied the graphical user interface, and even Linux has a version. The touchscreen interface is being used in other phones (e. g. Android). Apps are being developed for other smart phones and devices. †¢High-priced products. Apple priced itself out of the personal computer market, and that remains a problem. Other smartphones that look and behave similarly to the iPhone are less expensive. †¢Google is moving into Apples smartphone space by giving away the operating system, and it has announced that it will also be moving into the TV space. Both companies are well-funded, so any battle between the two could be long and ugly. Nature of external environment surrounding the company The industry grows and changes at an alarming pace. Every day there are new products that flood the market. New technology changes cell phones, laptops and new products are advertised every week. The major companies in the industry are Apple, Acer, Dell, and ‘Hewlett Packard’. In order for new companies to break into this market, they need to have a high entry barrier as well as a differentiated strategy from the existing companies. There is also a high learning curve with the customers getting accustomed to the new products. The existing brand names make the entry barrier very difficult to break into. Apple seems to be financially stable and healthy with weaknesses and threats that Apple has overcome and conquered in its past. The strengths show Apple’s foundation built upon a long line of unique products and branding, powerful research and development along with commanding marketing gurus that make Apple the powerhouse it has become today. Financially, the financial papers seem to be responsible and accountable with much thought put into Apple’s strategy. According to YCharts (June 30, 2012), Apple’s current ratio is 1. 71, which is slightly above book value. When you have a current ratio of 1, it means that your current assets are exactly the same as your current liabilities. â€Å"The current ratio measures a companys ability to pay short-term debts and other current liabilities by comparing current assets to current liabilities† (YCharts, 2007-2012, para. 1). Apple’s gross profit margin (sales-cost of goods sold/revenue) is 42. 81%, gross profit margin represents the percentage of each dollar of a companys revenue that is available to cover fixed costs after paying for the goods or services that were sold. With Apple seizing new opportunities every day, Apple will continue to dominate its markets for a long time to come and will remain fiscally responsible while continuing to make large profits, making it a wise decision to invest in the Apple organization. SWOT analysis It cannot be debated that Apple has many strengths. They should not, however, become complacent with their success and in order to maintain its competitive advantage, the company must constantly evaluate their internal and external operations and address its weaknesses and threats, as well as assess its strengths and use them appropriately. One of Apple’s current strengths is its brand recognition and strong brand image. Apple has effectively used this strength through product development. As Apple took the market by storm and was gaining momentum, it expanded its product offering. With each new product such as the iPhone and the iPad, consumers expected the same quality and ease of use as Apple’s preceding products as they had already established that position in the consumer mind. Apple also has an enviable position in the market place and in the minds of the financial world. Apple’s robust financial performance is strength as the growth in capital allows for continued growth. While reviewing the strengths, one must also consider the weaknesses. For example, Apple’s weaknesses can be demonstrated with the release of the iPhone 4 and the concerns over the antenna on the product and how it could affect the performance of the device. Product recalls can result in a damaged image and reputation which will affect sales. Recalls also result in warranty and other expenses. It is clear that Apple views the iPhone as a major opportunity. The iPhone leads the company in percentage of sales, and with he new release of the 4s, combined with additional service providers supporting the device, will continue to do so. The expanding tablet market and demand for mobile technology also makes the iPad market a big opportunity for Apple. Expanding in international markets is also a big opportunity for Apple. Despite its strengths and opportunities, Apple faces many threats. One major threat to the company’s iPhone growth is the rising popularity of Google’s Android. Critics and users alike have stated that the Android is comparable, if not superior, to the iPhone technology. This fierce competitor is sure to affect Apple’s market share. In conclusion, an overview of Apple’s SWOT allows us to break down current strengths, as well as weaknesses, opportunities and threats. This allows us to further analyze the company as a whole and is imperative when devising a corporate strategy. The kind of corporate level strategy the company is pursuing Apple’s corporate strategy is to focus on making the industries’ best products. They are a company that focuses on innovation, and also improvements on their existing products. They use the focused differentiation strategy, by making products that are exclusive, and fairly expensive. Not everyone can afford an Apple product. They focus on aligning their business strategy and their marketing strategy with product development. This is something that they do much better than their competitors, and this is a huge advantage for them. Apples target market is people who are willing to pay more for products with better user experience, people who like to have fun with technology, music enthusiasts and people who work with media and design professionals. They have done a good job by finding out which customer needs to satisfy. They have found out that these customers want a nice, beautiful and simple design and user input, and they have focused on programs that help photograph and edit both pictures and videos, as well as good music programs to both listen to and make music. To make these programs, they have to have to focus on innovation, and have programmers and designers that can make programs like thisthat are easy to use, beautiful to look at, and do what you expect them to do. The nature of the company’s business-level strategy Apple’s fundamental business model has not changed since it first began business in the late 1980s. Apple’s organizational strategy â€Å"think different† is to control the development and design of the hardware and software for all of its products. The company is focused on providing innovative products and solutions to consumers. Apple has a simple strategy of providing customers with the best products and experiences possible. Another strategy is offering exclusiveness of their products to certain providers and companies. This not only builds a strong working relationship, but also builds a strong want by consumers for Apple products. I think the most important strategy is their branding strategy. This includes making new products that supports a â€Å"digital hub† strategy. This is a concept where the products that Apple produces will function as a hub for digital devices such digital cameras, cell phones, etc. Apple focuses on the lifestyle of the customer which includes imagination, hopes, dreams, and many more attributes. They are committed to the customer (Apples branding strategy, 2011). Mission Statement Apple mission statement is as follows, â€Å"Apple designs Macs, the best personal computers in the world, along with OS X, iLife, iWork, and professional software. Apple leads the digital music revolution with its iPods and iTunes online store. Apple reinvented the mobile phone with its revolutionary iPhone and App Store, and has recently introduced its magical iPad which is defining the future of mobile media and computing devices (Investor relations, 2011). † Steve Jobs stated that Apple’s â€Å"core value that the company believes, is people with passion can change the world for the better. † He stressed that value at its core is something that should never change despite the world changing around it. The company’s structure and control systems and how they match its strategy Apple’s first product, the Apple I, was vastly different from the Apple products of today. This first handmade computer kit was constructed by Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak. It lacked a graphic user interface (GUI), and buyers had to add their own keyboard and display. Co-founder Steve Jobs convinced Wozniak that it could be sold as a commercial product. In 1976 the Apple I was unveiled at the Home Brew Computer Club and put on sale for $666. 66. Jobs and Wozniak continued to create innovative products. Soon their new company, Apple Computer Inc. , had surpassed $1 million in sales. However, the mid-1980s saw some difficult times for Apple. In 1983 the company introduced the Apple Lisa for $10,000. The product flopped. In 1985 Steve Jobs was ousted after internal conflicts with the Apple CEO. Its computer products the Mac I and the Newton were not successful, and the company underwent several CEO changes. With declining stock prices, the future of Apple was in jeopardy. Steve Jobs returned to Apple in 1997 to try and save the struggling company. The return of Jobs introduced a new era for Apple. Jobs immediately began to change the company’s corporate culture. Before Jobs’ return, employees were more open about Apple projects. After he returned, Jobs instituted a â€Å"closed door† policy. Today Apple continues to remain vigilant in protecting its technology and ensuring that information remains proprietary. Jobs also created a more flattened organizational structure; rather than go through layers of management to address employees, he addressed them directly. Perhaps one of the most noticeable changes, however, was Apple’s expansion into new product lines within the electronics industry. In 2001 Apple launched the iPod—a portable music player that forever changed the music industry. The company also introduced iTunes, a type of â€Å"jukebox† software that allowed users to upload songs from CDs onto their Macs and then organize and manage their personalized song libraries. Two years later Apple introduced the iTunes Store, in which users could download millions of their favorite songs for $0. 99 each online. In 2007 Jobs announced that Apple Computer, Inc. would be re-named Apple Inc. This signified that Apple was no longer just a computer manufacturer but also a driver in consumer electronics. Some saw this as a shift away from computers toward consumer electronics such as Apple TV, iPods, iTunes, iPhones, and iPads. However, it may be more accurate to say that Apple is reinventing computers. With the introduction of tablet computers such as the iPad, Apple has begun to take market share away from its top competitors in the computer industry. Sales of desktops, laptops, and netbooks began to decline after tablet computers were introduced. Analysts believe that tablet computers will continue to grow at a rapid rate. Apple’s transition from a computer to a consumer electronics company is unprecedented—and hard to replicate. Although many can only speculate about why Apple succeeded so well, they tend to credit Steve Jobs’ remarkable leadership abilities, Apple’s highly skilled employees, and its strong corporate culture. Conclusion Today, Apple continues to lead the industry with their outstanding and ‘ award winning’ products and services. Apple is also credited with leading the digital media revolution with their iPod portable music and video players and iTunes online media store, creating the first sustainable music-downloading business model in history (Gershon, 2009, p. 367). The company has also entered the mobile phone industry with an altogether different business strategy known as† value innovation† with the iPhone. Value innovation focuses on making the competition irrelevant by opening up new and untapped markets, creating a leap in value for consumers. The iPhone is yet another product that has changed the way the industry defines new product standards and possibilities. With growing demand for high-quality, powerful, user-friendly, and cost effective products, Apple is undoubtedly the leader in terms of bringing these ideas to life. The company realizes that rather than publicly announcing product development plans years in advance, products are better received with an â€Å"awe† response if they are simply released when they’re finished as opposed to providing â€Å"beta† or â€Å"demo† versions to the public. This is an excellent strategy when the goal is to keep consumers eager for the latest products and asking, â€Å"What could they possibly improve next? †

Physician-Assisted Suicide Essay - I Want to Die -- Euthanasia Physici

Death and dying are a natural part of our lives. Not a day goes by that we do not take the chance of being run over by a car while running, being stabbed in a robbery, or being poisoned by bacteria in our food. In all of these cases, we have very little choice in deciding our fate. But what about those cases when we can do something to affect the dying process? What if we can decide whether we wish to live or die? For most of us, that is still uncharted territory, and just the thought of it chills us to the bone. Euthanasia is one such opportunity where a person can affect the dying process. It is not, as many people believe, a case of a physician killing a patient, but instead, a case where a patient who is facing a prolonged, painful, and, finally, terminal illness can make a conscious and reasoned choice to end his or her suffering early and in a dignified manner. It is the purpose of this paper to prove to you that euthanasia in the form of physician-assisted suicide (PAS) should be legalized. That a person facing a terminal illness should have the opportunity, and the right, to choose to die in a dignified manner when faced with a prolonged and terminal illness. That a physician should not be restrained in committing an act which might be in the best interest of a patient. And that if legalized, it would be possible to protect the patient's interests through regulation, and in effect, make euthanasia a perfectly safe choice for a patient. One of the reasons that the idea of euthanasia antagonizes people is that the mere thought of the word brings to mind pictures of WWII Nazi atrocities. There is a big difference, however, between what Nazi Germany considered euthanasia, and what proponents today con... ...however, we do not address these issues soon and attempt to solve them collectively, there will be a greater chance of something going wrong . Works Cited A Model State Act to Authorize and Regulate Physician-Assisted Suicide. http://www.efn.org/~ergo/mdlact.shtml 2 June 2007. Alcorn, Gay. "First Assisted Suicide Under Euthanasia Law." Sydney Morning Herald. 26 Sep. 1996. 2 June 2007. Helme, Tim. Proposals for a Euthanasia Procedure. http://www.islandnet.com/~deathnet/ergo.htm 28 Apr. 2007. Hoefler, James M. Deathright: Culture, Medicine, Politics, and Their Right to Die. With Brian E. Kamoie. U.S.: Westview, 2004. Misbin, Robert I., et al. "Physician Responsibility for Euthanasia." Euthanasia: The Good of the Patient, the Good of Society. Frederick: University Publishing Group, 2002.

Is a soliloquy a good way for us to know what is going on in a characters head? Essay

This essay will discuss soliloquies and how they are used. I want to show that a soliloquy is a good way to show us what is going on in the characters head, it gives us an insight into the characters mind and thoughts, and helps us identify the type of mind and character we are looking at. In this essay I will be referring to various Shakespearian plays, the main play I will be referring to is Macbeth. Macbeth is about a Scottish king who is corrupted by three witches. It is about dreams, beliefs, actions and consequences. I will be looking at what a soliloquy is and the way Shakespeare has used the soliloquies in Macbeth. I also want to look at the use of Shakespearean language and Imagery in Macbeth. Soliloquies are often used in Shakespeare’s plays. A soliloquy is when a character voices their thoughts when alone on stage. I have studied three different soliloquies from the play Macbeth. The first is taken from Act 1, scene V. The second soliloquy is taken from Act 1, scene VII. And the last soliloquy is taken from Act 2, scene I. These examples of the soliloquies we have used allow us to see what state of mind the character is in at certain parts of the play, also I think it allows us to see what type of person the character really is and understand them better. The first soliloquy is used as Duncan arrives at Macbeth’s castle, Lady Macbeth has already decided by this point that the only way Macbeth can become king of Scotland is if they kill Duncan. The soliloquy is her preparing herself for what she is about to do and also asking the spirits to give her the strength to do it. â€Å"The raven himself is hoarse That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan Under my battlements. Come, you spirits Tha tends on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fil me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty! Make thick my blood, Stop up th’ access and passage to remorse†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Act 1, Scene V In the opening lines of the soliloquy you can already see that Lady Macbeth is a strong-minded woman but believes that men are stronger than women and in order to complete her task she must be as strong as a man. Evidence for this is the lines ‘Come, you spirits Tha tends on mortal thoughts, unsex me here,’ Lady Macbeth is calling on the spirits to turn her into a man and make her strong. However I believe that Lady Macbeth was stronger and more determined than Macbeth. There is evidence in the other two soliloquies that Macbeth is in two minds about murdering Duncan. â€Å"†¦This even-handed justice Commends th’ingrediants of our poison’d chalice To our own lips. He’s here in double trust First as I am his kinsman and his subject, Strong both against the deed; and then as his host, Who should against his murderer shut the door, Not bear the knife myself†¦that his virtues Will plead like angels, trumpet tongu’d , against The deep damnation of his taking off†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Act 1, scene VII † †¦I go, and it is done: the bell invites me. Hear it not, Duncan, for it is knell That summons thee to Heaven, or to Hell† Act 2, scene I These examples show just how unstable the mind of Macbeth is. In Act 1, scene VII Macbeth is talking about how Duncan trusts him and how he should protect Duncan from harm, not be the one who kills him! This is shown in the lines ‘He’s here in double trust’ and ‘Who should against his murderer shut the door, Not bear the knife myself ‘. However in Act 2, scene I Macbeth is prepared to go through with the deed, no matter what the consequences are. From the soliloquies you can also see what the character is like. It is in my opinion that Macbeth is compassionate to his friend and does not want to hurt him, however he is also over come with greed. He wants the wealth and power that comes with being king and will, perhaps, do anything to get it if prompted. These two views make his mind unstable and weak so that it can be manipulated by Lady Macbeth. I believe that lady Macbeth is an evil woman who will do anything to get what she wants. An example of this is part of a conversation that Lady Macbeth had with Macbeth when she thinks that he will not kill Duncan â€Å"I have given suck, and know How tender ‘t is to love the babe that milks me: I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have plucked the nipple from his boneless gums, And dash’d the brains out, had I so sworn as you Have done to this.† Act 1, Scene VII What she is saying in this quote is that she would take a baby that was feeding from her and kill it in the most horrific way if Macbeth wanted her to. I think only a truly evil woman can say this and mean it, only an evil woman would kill her baby. Shakespeare used various images through out this play. Both in Lady Macbeth’s soliloquy and Macbeth’s soliloquies there are strong witchcraft, nature and baby images. I think the strongest images in the soliloquies are the baby images. I believe that these worked the best because people generally have strong feelings no babies, especially if the baby is being harmed in some way. A baby can also be used as a symbol of innocence; a child looks at the world with innocence in their eyes. It is in my opinion that Shakespeare used the images of a baby for several reasons. The first reason is to get the audience emotionally involved in the play, if they see an image of a baby being hurt then they are going to dislike that particular character, however if the image is a good image of a baby then the audience are less likely to dislike that character. And the second way is to show the differences and similarities between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. When Macbeth uses an image of a baby it is filled with compassion and love, however when Lady Macbeth uses the image of babies it is filled with greed and cruelty. I believe this because of certain lines used through out the soliloquies. In Act 1, Scene VII Macbeth quotes ‘And Pity, like a newborn babe,’ Macbeth uses a baby as a symbol of innocence to gain pity from the audience. In Act 1, Scene VII Lady Macbeth tells Macbeth ‘I have given suck, and know how tender’t is to love the babe that milks me: I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums, And dash’d the brains out,’ This is filled with hatred which she is using to pressurise Macbeth into killing Duncan. It also shows that they think in similar ways even though they have different views. As Shakespeare was writing for an English audience Macbeth is very pro English, anti Scottish. It is a Scottish thane, who is easily corrupted by promises of power and fortune who becomes King and it is an English army, which over throws the evil Scottish king and restores peace throughout the land. I believe that soliloquies are a good way to know what is going on in a characters head. It allows us to know what they are thinking and feeling through out the play. With out soliloquies we would have to rely on facial expressions to know what the character is thinking. If we did this then I believe that plays and theatre would not be as popular as they are and the works of Shakespeare such as Twelfth night, Romeo and Juliet, Midsummer’s night dream and Hamlet would never have become the classics that they are.